Drought and water supply Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drought and water supply - Research Paper Example Although drought has several causes and is associated with numerous negative consequences, it can be properly managed using various strategies. Drought has a long history that can be traced as far back as the biblical times of Joseph. It is one of the earliest climatic events that are documented. Presently it is associated with the Epic of Gilgamesh and later the exodus of Israelites from Egypt. It has been there since the times of early man, in Africa and the rest of the world. In the modern society, it is possible for people to mitigate the impacts of drought through crop rotation and irrigation. If people fail to develop and implement mitigation strategies, drought and bad water supply they will incur grave costs. The worst droughts that have been experienced in the world are the droughts of 1980s and 1990s. The most severe and historical drought was experienced in the basin of river Simeto. Climate is what determines water supply. Temperatures of the air determine the level of water demand, while precipitation is the only source of renewing water. If people can clearly understand past climatic conditions, they can predict future conditions and hence adapt and limit the level of hardship faced during drought. It is evident that drought comes in a certain pattern that repeats itself seasonally, annually and inter-annually. Estimates by the United Nations indicate that one third of the world’s population is affected by water shortages (United Nations, 23). The UN states that about 1.1 billion people lack safe water for drinking and those without enough water for sanitation stand at 2.6 billion (United Nations, 23). Consequently, deaths and diseases have increased due to the use of contaminated water. Children from developing countries are the most affected with 3,900 of them dying everyday from diarrhea and insufficient or bad water related

Criminal Justice Management Information System Research Paper

Criminal Justice Management Information System - Research Paper Example Criminal justice system information is critical in influencing how people are treated in the system, and may have a bearing on the outcome of the individual cases. The quantity, quality, and timeliness of information are crucial to the operations of the criminal justice system. Moreover, a criminal justice system indicates a significant interrelationship between efficiency and the quality of the justice dispensed. The automated systems provide a one-time entry of data and an efficient access to justice information to all agencies that are in need of it via shared files and system resources, while at the same time restricting unauthorized access to certain criminal history and other confidential information as maybe stipulated by applicable laws and regulations. Criminal justice management systems facilitate multijurisdictional information sharing across the criminal justice system (Allen & Sawhney, 2010). Integration of management information systems demands adoption of common standa rds in data entry, policies, software, protocols, and hardware systems. Management information systems form a critical component of criminal justice system. ... For instance, management information systems such as â€Å"offender management system† impact and interact with organizational development and human behavior. Today, more and more state criminal justice systems employ statewide computing systems to keep track of criminal offenders as well as to enhance rehabilitation. The offender management information systems often employ integrated record tracking from diverse information sources (Welsh & Harris, 2012). The need for criminal justice officers and organizations to share data increases commensurate with the crime. Much of the typical data captured in a criminal justices system often has utility to multiple organizations. One of the essential contributions made by management information system encompasses areas of statistical data analysis models, graphical, and spatial forms of analysis (Siegel, 2010). The stated methodologies demand speed, access, and dimensionality of data, which cannot be facilitated by manual systems. Pote ntial Reasons for Computerization One of the prominent reasons for the introduction of information technology in the administration of criminal justice system revolves around the ability of the system to enhance the quality and the timelines of information; this leads to enhanced decision making. Furthermore, higher quality information translates into better information for policy analysis, besides availing timely information. As a result, there is increased system efficiency of the criminal justice system. Manual systems hinder attainment of high quality, timely, and accurate information. Moreover, as the society and the nature of crime become increasingly complicated, the need for structured